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ADP1109 Scheda tecnica(PDF) 6 Page - Analog Devices |
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ADP1109 Scheda tecnica(HTML) 6 Page - Analog Devices |
6 / 8 page ADP1109 –6– REV. 0 As previously mentioned, EL must be greater than PL/fOSC so that the ADP1109 can deliver the necessary power to the load. For best efficiency, peak current should be limited to 1 A or less. Higher switch currents will reduce efficiency because of increased saturation voltage in the switch. High peak current also increases output ripple. As a general rule, keep peak current as low as possible to minimize losses in the switch, inductor and diode. In practice, the inductor value is easily selected using the equa- tions above. For example, consider a supply that will generate 12 V at 120 mA from a +5 V source. The inductor power re- quired is, from Equation 1: PL = (12 V + 0.5 V – 5 V) × (120 mA) = 900 mW (6) On each switching cycle, the inductor must supply: PL f OSC = 900 mW 120 kHz = 7.5 µJ (7) The required inductor power is fairly low in this example, so the peak current can also be low. Assuming a peak current of 600 mA as a starting point, Equation 4 can be rearranged to recommend an inductor value: L = V IN I L MAX () t = 5 V 600 mA 5.5 µs = 45.8 µH (8) Substituting a standard inductor value of 33 µH, with 0.2 Ω dc resistance, will produce a peak switch current of: I PEAK = 5 V 1.0 Ω 1 − e –1.0 Ω× 5.5 µs 33 µH = 768 mA (9) Once the peak current is known, the inductor energy can be calculated from Equation 5: E L = 1 2 33 µH () × 768 mA ()2 = 9.7 µJ (10) The inductor energy of 9.7 µJ is greater than the P L/fOSC re- quirement of 7.5 µJ, so the 33 µH inductor will work in this application. By substituting other inductor values into the same equations, the optimum inductor value can be selected. When selecting an inductor, the peak current must not exceed the maximum switch current of 1.2 A. If the calculated peak current is greater than 1.2 A, either the input voltage must be increased or the load current decreased. Output Voltage Selection The output voltage is fed back to the ADP1109 via resistors R1 and R2 (Figure 5). When the voltage at the comparator’s invert- ing input falls below 1.25 V, the oscillator turns “on” and the output voltage begins to rise. The output voltage is therefore set by the formula: V OUT = 1. 25 V × 1 + R2 R1 (11) Resistors R1 and R2 are provided internally on fixed-voltage versions of the ADP1109. In this case, a complete dc-dc con- verter requires only four external components. Capacitor Selection For optimum performance, the ADP1109’s output capacitor must be carefully selected. Choosing an inappropriate capacitor can result in low efficiency and/or high output ripple. Ordinary aluminum electrolytic capacitors are inexpensive, but often have poor Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and Equiva- lent Series Inductance (ESL). Low ESR aluminum capacitors, specifically designed for switch mode converter applications, are also available, and these are a better choice than general purpose devices. Even better performance can be achieved with tantalum capacitors, although their cost is higher. Very low values of ESR can be achieved by using OS-CON capacitors (Sanyo Corpora- tion, San Diego, CA). These devices are fairly small, available with tape-and-reel packaging, and have very low ESR. Diode Selection In specifying a diode, consideration must be given to speed, forward voltage drop and reverse leakage current. When the ADP1109 switch turns off, the diode must turn on rapidly if high efficiency is to be maintained. Schottky rectifiers, as well as fast signal diodes such as the 1N4148, are appropriate. The forward voltage of the diode represents power that is not delivered to the load, so VF must also be minimized. Again, Schottky diodes are recommended. Leakage current is especially important in low current applications, where the leakage can be a significant percentage of the total quiescent current. For most circuits, the 1N5818 is a suitable companion to the ADP1109. This diode has a VF of 0.5 V at 1 A, 4 µA to 10 µA leakage, and fast turn-on and turn-off times. A surface mount version, the MBRS130T3, is also available. For switch currents of 100 mA or less, a Schottky diode such as the BAT85 provides a VF of 0.8 V at 100 mA and leakage less than 1 µA. A similar device, the BAT54, is available in an SOT-23 package. Even lower leakage, in the 1 nA to 5 nA range, can be obtained with a 1N4148 signal diode. General purpose rectifiers, such as the 1N4001, are not suitable for ADP1109 circuits. These devices, which have turn-on times of 10 µs or more, are far too slow for switching power supply applications. Using such a diode “just to get started” will result in wasted time and effort. Even if an ADP1109 circuit appears to function with a 1N4001, the resulting performance will not be indicative of the circuit performance when the correct diode is used. |
Codice articolo simile - ADP1109_15 |
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Descrizione simile - ADP1109_15 |
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