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HT46R004 Scheda tecnica(PDF) 64 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc |
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HT46R004 Scheda tecnica(HTML) 64 Page - Holtek Semiconductor Inc |
64 / 84 page Rev. 1.30 �4 �an�a�� ��� �01� Rev. 1.30 �5 �an�a�� ��� �01� HT46R004 Cost-Effective A/D 8-Bit OTP MCU Logical and Rotate Operation ThestandardlogicaloperationssuchasAND,OR,XORandCPLallhavetheirowninstruction withintheHoltekmicrocontrollerinstructionset.Aswiththecaseofmostinstructionsinvolving datamanipulation,datamustpassthroughtheAccumulatorwhichmayinvolveadditional programmingsteps.Inalllogicaldataoperations,thezeroflagmaybesetiftheresultofthe operationiszero.Anotherformoflogicaldatamanipulationcomesfromtherotateinstructionssuch asRR,RL,RRCandRLCwhichprovideasimplemeansofrotatingonebitrightorleft.Different rotateinstructionsexistdependingonprogramrequirements.Rotateinstructionsareusefulforserial portprogrammingapplicationswheredatacanberotatedfromaninternalregisterintotheCarry bitfromwhereitcanbeexaminedandthenecessaryserialbitsethighorlow.Anotherapplication whichrotatedataoperationsareusedistoimplementmultiplicationanddivisioncalculations. Branches and Control Transfer ProgrambranchingtakestheformofeitherjumpstospecifiedlocationsusingtheJMPinstruction ortoasubroutineusingtheCALLinstruction.Theydifferinthesensethatinthecaseofa subroutinecall,theprogrammustreturntotheinstructionimmediatelywhenthesubroutinehas beencarriedout.Thisisdonebyplacingareturninstruction“RET”inthesubroutinewhichwill causetheprogramtojumpbacktotheaddressrightaftertheCALLinstruction.InthecaseofaJMP instruction,theprogramsimplyjumpstothedesiredlocation.Thereisnorequirementtojumpback totheoriginaljumpingoffpointasinthecaseoftheCALLinstruction.Onespecialandextremely usefulsetofbranchinstructionsaretheconditionalbranches.Hereadecisionisfirstmaderegarding theconditionofacertaindatamemoryorindividualbits.Dependingupontheconditions,the programwillcontinuewiththenextinstructionorskipoveritandjumptothefollowinginstruction. Theseinstructionsarethekeytodecisionmakingandbranchingwithintheprogramperhaps determinedbytheconditionofcertaininputswitchesorbytheconditionofinternaldatabits. Bit Operations TheabilitytoprovidesinglebitoperationsonDataMemoryisanextremelyflexiblefeatureofall Holtekmicrocontrollers.Thisfeatureisespeciallyusefulforoutputportbitprogrammingwhere individualbitsorportpinscanbedirectlysethighorlowusingeitherthe“SET[m].i”or“CLR[m].i” instructionsrespectively.Thefeatureremovestheneedforprogrammerstofirstreadthe8-bitoutput port,manipulatetheinputdatatoensurethatotherbitsarenotchangedandthenoutputtheportwith thecorrectnewdata.Thisread-modify-writeprocessistakencareofautomaticallywhenthesebit operationinstructionsareused. Table Read Operations Datastorageisnormallyimplementedbyusingregisters.However,whenworkingwithlarge amountsoffixeddata,thevolumeinvolvedoftenmakesitinconvenienttostorethefixeddatain theDataMemory.Toovercomethisproblem,HoltekmicrocontrollersallowanareaofProgram Memorytobesetasatablewheredatacanbedirectlystored.Asetofeasytouseinstructions providesthemeansbywhichthisfixeddatacanbereferencedandretrievedfromtheProgram Memory. Other Operations Inadditiontotheabovefunctionalinstructions,arangeofotherinstructionsalsoexistsuchas the“HALT”instructionforPower-downoperationsandinstructionstocontroltheoperationof theWatchdogTimerforreliableprogramoperationsunderextremeelectricorelectromagnetic environments.Fortheirrelevantoperations,refertothefunctionalrelatedsections. |
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