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AMP04 Scheda tecnica(PDF) 6 Page - Analog Devices |
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AMP04 Scheda tecnica(HTML) 6 Page - Analog Devices |
6 / 16 page AMP04 REV. A –6– APPLICATIONS Common-Mode Rejection The purpose of the instrumentation amplifier is to amplify the difference between the two input signals while ignoring offset and noise voltages common to both inputs. One way of judging the device’s ability to reject this offset is the common-mode gain, which is the ratio between a change in the common-mode voltage and the resulting output voltage change. Instrumenta- tion amplifiers are often judged by the common-mode rejection ratio, which is equal to 20 × log 10 of the ratio of the user-selected differential signal gain to the common-mode gain, commonly called the CMRR. The AMP04 offers excellent CMRR, guaran- teed to be greater than 90 dB at gains of 100 or greater. Input offsets attain very low temperature drift by proprietary laser- trimmed thin-film resistors and high gain amplifiers. Input Common-Mode Range Includes Ground The AMP04 employs a patented topology (Figure 1) that uniquely allows the common-mode input voltage to truly extend to zero volts where other instrumentation amplifiers fail. To il- lustrate, take for example the single supply, gain of 100 instru- mentation amplifier as in Figure 2. As the inputs approach zero volts, in order for the output to go positive, amplifier A’s output (VOA) must be allowed to go below ground, to –0.094 volts. Clearly this is not possible in a single supply environment. Con- sequently this instrumentation amplifier configuration’s input common-mode voltage cannot go below about 0.4 volts. In comparison, the AMP04 has no such restriction. Its inputs will function with a zero-volt common-mode voltage. 2 3 8 1 6 5 IN(–) IN(+) INPUT BUFFERS R GAIN 100k REF 100k V OUT 11k 11k Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram B A V OA 100k 20k 20k 100k 2127 Ω 0V V OUT 0V 0.01V 0.01V + – 4.7 µA 5.2 µA 4.7 µA V OB –.094V V IN Figure 2. Gain = 100 Instrumentation Amplifier Input Common-Mode Voltage Below Ground Although not tested and guaranteed, the AMP04 inputs are bi- ased in a way that they can amplify signals linearly with common- mode voltage as low as –0.25 volts below ground. This holds true over the industrial temperature range from –40 °C to +85°C. Extended Positive Common-Mode Range On the high side, other instrumentation amplifier configura- tions, such as the three op amp instrumentation amplifier, can have severe positive common-mode range limitations. Figure 3 shows an example of a gain of 1001 amplifier, with an input common-mode voltage of 10 volts. For this circuit to function, VOB must swing to 15.01 volts in order for the output to go to 10.01 volts. Clearly no op amp can handle this swing range (given a +15 V supply) as the output will saturate long before it reaches the supply rails. Again the AMP04’s topology does not have this limitation. Figure 4 illustrates the AMP04 operating at the same common-mode conditions as in Figure 3. None of the internal nodes has a signal high enough to cause amplifier satu- ration. As a result, the AMP04 can accommodate much wider common-mode range than most instrumentation amplifiers. B V OA 100k 100k A V OB R R R +5V +15.01V R 10.01 +10.00V +10.01V 200 Ω 50 µA Figure 3. Gain = 1001, Three Op Amp Instrumentation Amplifier +10.00V +10.01V 100k 100k VOUT 11k –15V +10.01V 100 Ω 100 µA +15V 11k +11.111V + – 0.1 µA 100.1 µA –15V +15V +10V Figure 4. Gain = 1000, AMP04 |
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